| Published | 2008 / 01 |
| Summary | Torrefaction is a very promising technology due to its high process efficiency (94%) compared to pelletisation (84%) and pyrolysis (64%). When torrefaction is combined with pelletisation, the product (TOP) energy content is as high as 20.4-22.7 GJ/ton. Fuel production from TOP and conventional pellets is comparable to the current gasoline. Thus, well designed supply chains make international trade of biomass feasible from energy efficiency and economic perspective. |
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| Keywords | torrefaction, pyrolysis, pelletization, biomass, efficiencies, chains, technical, economical |
| File name | Energy_Uslu_2008_Pre-treatment technologies and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics.pdf |