| Published | 2010 / 01 |
| Summary | This paper analyses biofuels from agricultural crops in northern Europe regarding area and energy efficiency, greenhouse gases and eutrophication. The overall findings are that direct land use changes have a significant impact on GHG balances and eutrophication for all biofuels, the choice of calculation methods when by-products are included affecting the performance of food crop-based biofuels considerably, and the technical design of production systems may in specific cases be of major impor- tance. The presented results are essential knowledge for the development of certification systems. Indirect land use changes are recognised but not included due to current scientific and methodological deficiencies. |
| Keywords | biofuels, yield, biomass, greenhouse gas, |
| File name | Borjesson_2010_Agricultural_crop-based_biofuels.pdf |